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Turbulence has historically been a major challenge for field theory, with a compelling derivation of the Kolmogorov spectrum still only being a partially achieved goal. In this presentation, we shall argue that if we assume we have a field-theoretic account of turbulence in Newtonian, incompressible fluids, then it may be used to explore extensions of the theory, such as adding a non-Newtonian stress and/or relativistic corrections. We shall also discuss potential applications of these extensions.