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Clear air turbulence is a phenomenon that occurs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (between 8 and 15 km, where most commercial flights take place), and which is not associated with clouds or thunderstorms. This unexpected and difficult-to-predict phenomenon is hazardous for aviation, as is neither visible to pilots nor detectable by standard on-board radars. We use high-resolution in situ aircraft measurements to study turbulent coefficients such as the turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation rate, as a way to improve our understanding of atmospheric turbulence. Different techniques to study and characterize anisotropic turbulent transport and mixing at flight level due to stable stratification and rotation also include the use of spectral methods, structure functions, and the visualization of the large scale atmospheric scenario using numerical weather forecast models.